鹿角杜鹃开花过程中挥发性成分的变化

利用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱质谱法,对鹿角杜鹃Rhododendron latoucheae花朵在花蕾期、半开放期、盛开期及凋落期4个开花期的挥发性成分进行了定性和相对定量分析,研究了鹿角杜鹃花香成分的种类和变化情况.结果表明,在鹿角杜鹃花朵开放的4个时期中共检测出37种挥发性成分,这些挥发性成分种类在开花过程中呈升高...     

自适应式丘陵山地拖拉机底盘传动及转向系统设计

针对丘陵山地拖拉机田间地头转向困难及已作业地块易被压紧压实的难题,设计了一种自适应式丘陵山地拖拉机底盘。其采用机械传动方式,发动机横向布置于车架上,动力由发动机一端经过皮带输送到变速器等传动部件用于底盘驱动行驶,另一端输出用于田间收割等作业。转向系统为断开式梯形结构设计,采用前轮偏转和四轮偏转两种转向方式,可实现全液压四轮异相位转向。结果表明：底盘最高及最低行驶速度分别为10.98 Km/h及0.91 Km/h,最大传动比为370.37,最小传动比为61.38,底盘前轮偏转时的最小转弯半径为2003mm,四轮偏转时的最小转弯半径为1494mm。该丘陵山地拖拉机具有良好的小地块作业适应能力。     

硅胶表面霉酚酸分子印迹聚合物的合成及应用

【目的】合成一种对霉酚酸具有特异性识别的分子印迹聚合物吸附材料,用于青贮饲料中霉酚酸的净化、富集和分析检测。【方法】以γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(γ-MPS)改性的硅胶为载体、霉酚酸酯为虚拟模板,合成硅胶表面接枝分子印迹聚合物,采用扫描电镜对制备材料进行表征,通过平衡吸附试验评价材料吸附特性。建立基于合成的分子印迹聚合物固相萃取-高效液相色谱(High performance liquid chromatography,HPLC)法检测青贮饲料中霉酚酸。【结果】改性硅胶表面成功包裹一层印迹聚合物。静态吸附试验表明,印迹材料饱和吸附量为4.5 mg/g;动态吸附试验表明,该材料吸附速率快,60 min内即达到吸附平衡。基于该印迹材料作为固相萃取吸附剂建立了HPLC法,霉酚酸的回收率为76.0%～81.2%,相对标准偏差小于7%,检测限达60μg/kg。【结论】制备的硅胶表面霉酚酸分子印迹聚合物可特异性吸附霉酚酸,建立的分子印迹聚合物固相萃取–HPLC法可用于日常青贮饲料中霉酚酸的分析测定,了解青贮饲料被霉菌毒素污染的状况。研究结果可为青贮饲料的质量安全控制提供指导。     

痂状炭角菌鉴定、培养条件优化及发酵产物活性分析

【目的】炭角菌属具有珍贵的药用价值和较高的经济价值。本研究对采自白蚁废弃巢穴上的炭角菌菌株进行鉴定,对其液体发酵和固体培养条件进行优化,并对液体发酵产物抗菌、抗氧化活性进行测定,以期为痂状炭角菌的开发利用提供参考。【方法】通过形态观察及ITS序列测序对炭角菌进行鉴定;探讨液体发酵中添加不同碳源、氮源和金属离子对痂状炭角菌菌丝体生长的影响;分析固体培养基中添加氨基酸对无性子座生长的影响;利用平板抑菌法和DPPH法对液体发酵产物抗菌和抗氧化活性进行测定。【结果】采集菌株经形态鉴定和分子鉴定,为痂状炭角菌。液体发酵最佳碳源为可溶性淀粉,最佳氮源为蚕蛹粉,最佳无机盐为MgSO₄。正交试验筛选的最佳液体培养基组成为可溶性淀粉4%（w）+蚕蛹粉0.6%（w）+MgSO₄ 0.06%（w）。固体培养基中添加缬氨酸、异亮氨酸和苏氨酸均能显著促进无性子座的生长。液体发酵产物抗菌效果显著优于山梨酸钾,对DPPH的抗氧化活性为（75.19±2.08）%,显著优于维生素E。【结论】优化的液体发酵和固体培养条件可以显著提高痂状炭角菌菌丝体产量,促进无性子座生长。痂状炭...     

甘胆口服液对BRD犊牛血清急性期蛋白和氧化应激指标的影响

【目的】探讨甘胆口服液按推荐剂量用药对牛呼吸道疾病（bovine respiratory disease,BRD）的治疗效果及对血清急性期蛋白（acute phase protein,APP）浓度和氧化应激指标的影响,为其在牛临床上的推广应用提供依据。【方法】选择40头自然发病的BRD犊牛,随机分成2组,分别为受试药物组（甘胆口服液0.2 mL/kg）、对照药物组（麻杏石甘散0.75 g/kg）,并增加健康犊牛12头作为空白对照组,按推荐剂量1次/d,连用7 d,分别于试验第0,3,5,7天记录犊牛的一般临床症状,并依据BRD评分表进行打分;在试验第0,7天随机抽取各试验组犊牛12头颈静脉采血,测定血清APP（结合珠蛋白（HP）、淀粉样蛋白A（SAA）、C-反应蛋白（CRP））浓度和氧化应激指标（丙二醛（MDA）、还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、总抗氧化能力（T-AOC））水平。【结果】药物组试验犊牛第0天证候积分均≥5分,符合试验要求。用药第3,5,7天临床症状积分均不同程度降低（P<0.05）。在第5天时积分均<5分,第7天积分减少到最小值。麻杏石甘散组犊牛在第3天时的BRD治愈率高于甘胆口服液组（P>0.05）,但随着治疗时间的延长,甘胆口服液治愈率与麻杏石甘散相近,用药5 d后,两药物组治愈率均达到60%以上。BRD组犊牛第0天血清HP、SAA、MDA水平显著高于健康对照组（P<0.05）,GSH、T-AOC水平及SOD、CAT活性均不同程度低于健康对照组,但差异不显著（P>0.05）。经过药物治疗后,BRD组犊牛第7天血清HP、SAA、MDA水平显著下降,GSH水平和SOD活性显著上升（P<0.05）。【结论】甘胆口服液能明显改善BRD犊牛临床症状,有效缓解患BRD犊牛氧化应激状态,降低血清急性期蛋白水平。联合应用急性期蛋白和氧化应激指标可以对BRD犊牛进行早期诊断及疗效监测。     

月相对北太平洋海域柔鱼钓获率的影响

月相是影响光诱鱿钓作业效率的重要因素之一。通过对1995~2000年北太平洋8~10月150°E~165°E柔鱼盛渔期的生产统计分析,各月月相在朔期间的产量分别为望期间产量的1.16、1.53和1.20倍,平均日产量分别增加0.38 t/d、0.9 t/d和0.21 t/d。经过GAM模型分析,月相对日产量的影响是显著的,其PC f值均在0.14以下,模型分析结果满意。     

使樱花赏花期延长的日本引种品种的选育搭配研究

对武汉法雅园林集团有限公司从日本引进的39个樱花品种的成活率和花期进行了观测研究,筛选出了23个成活率在80%以上的花期不同的品种,为园林绿化工程中延长樱花赏花期的品种搭配设计提供参考依据。     

Paraoxonase activity as a tool for clinical monitoring of dogs treated for canine leishmaniasis

This study was designed to determine if the activity of paraoxonase (PON1), an antioxidant enzyme that works as a negative acute phase reactant, is a better predictor for the clinical recovery of leishmaniotic dogs receiving standard treatments compared with inflammatory markers such as C reactive protein (CRP) and electrophoretic fractions. For this purpose we tested 20 healthy dogs (controls) and 39 leishmaniotic dogs classified as sick (group A, n = 23) or severely sick (group B, n = 16) and tested at admission and after 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days.At admission, CRP and electrophoresis were altered in both groups, while PON1 activity was abnormal only in group B. There were no differences related to the outcome (mortality, complications or time of recovery). PON1 activity normalized in about 2 weeks in dogs that had abnormal values at admission and a final positive outcome; CRP normalized in 4–6 weeks and electrophoretic fractions were still altered after 6 weeks. The results show that, at admission, inflammatory markers did not predict the outcome of leishmaniasis. PON1 activity decreased only in some dogs with systemic inflammation but not in those with mild leishmaniasis: when decreased, PON1 normalized earlier than other markers in dogs that responded to treatment. This finding most likely depends on the rapid decrease in oxidative phenomena. PON1 activity should therefore be tested on admission: if low values are recorded, severe inflammation may be suspected and PON1 measurement may be repeated during treatment to early identify responsive dogs.     

Climatic oscillations and tuna catch rates in the Indian Ocean: a wavelet approach to time series analysis

We analysed the influence of climatic oscillations [based on the Indian Oscillation Index (IOI)] on monthly catch rates of two tropical tuna species in the equatorial Indian Ocean. We carried out wavelet analysis, an efficient method of time series analysis to study non‐stationary data. Catch per unit of effort (CPUE) of bigeye tuna was computed from Japanese longline statistics from 1955 to 2002 in the equatorial Indian Ocean and CPUE of yellowfin tuna was derived from industrial purse seine statistics from 1984 to 2003 in the Western Indian Ocean. Wavelet analyses allowed us to quantify both the pattern of variability in the time series and non‐stationary associations between tuna and climatic signals. Phase analyses were carried out to investigate dependency between the two signals. We reported strong associations between tuna and climate series for the 4‐ and 5‐yr periodic modes, i.e. the periodic band of the El Niño Southern Oscillation signal propagation in the Indian Ocean. These associations were non‐stationary, evidenced from 1970 to 1990 for bigeye, and from 1984 to 1991 and then from 1993 to 2001 for yellowfin. Warm episodes (low negative IOI values) matched increases of longline catch rates of bigeye during the 1970–1990 time frame, whereas the strong 1997–1998 warm event matched a decrease of purse seine catch rates of yellowfin. We discussed these results in terms of changes in catchability for purse seine and longline.